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NEW QUESTION # 33
For the Barings case study, segregation of duties was an issue. How did this present itself in this case?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Background of the Barings Case Study
Nick Leeson, a trader at Barings Bank, caused the collapse of the institution due to unauthorized trading in derivatives.
A critical failure was the lack of segregation of duties, allowing Leeson to both execute trades (front-office) and oversee trade settlement (back-office).
How Segregation of Duties Failed
Proper segregation of duties ensures that no single individual has unchecked control over trading and settlement.
Leeson was responsible for both trading (front-office) and settlement (back-office), meaning he could hide losses without detection.
Why Answer A is Correct
A trader (Leeson) should never have been managing back-office functions.
His dual role allowed him to manipulate records and bypass controls, leading to $1.3 billion in losses and the bank's collapse.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
B . A trader was responsible for managing the front-office.
Incorrect - Traders are supposed to manage the front-office; the issue was their involvement in back-office functions.
C . A risk manager was responsible for managing the back-office.
Incorrect - The issue was lack of oversight on the trader, not risk managers handling back-office duties.
D . A trader was responsible for managing the expense account.
Incorrect - The main issue was the trader's control over trade settlement, not expense accounts.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Case Study on Barings Bank Collapse
Basel Principles on Segregation of Duties in Risk Management
NEW QUESTION # 34
ISO 27000 relates to what topic / area?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Step 1: Definition of ISO 27000
ISO 27000 is a global standard for information security management systems (ISMS), issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
It provides a framework for protecting sensitive information through policies, controls, and risk management practices.
Step 2: Why Option B Is Correct
ISO 27001 (part of ISO 27000 series) is one of the most widely recognized certifications for information security governance.
It sets guidelines on risk assessment, incident response, and data protection.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("ESG investing")
Incorrect because ISO 27000 deals with cybersecurity, not environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues.
Option C ("International Risk Management")
Incorrect because ISO 27000 focuses on information security, not general risk management.
Option D ("Auditing of financial controls")
Incorrect because financial auditing standards (e.g., SOX, COSO) are separate from information security standards.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
ISO 27000 Series Documentation - Defines cybersecurity risk management practices.
PRMIA IT Risk Governance Framework - Reference ISO 27001 as a cybersecurity standard.
NEW QUESTION # 35
What are some of the properties of Bottom-Up KRIs?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Definition of Bottom-Up KRIs
Bottom-Up Key Risk Indicators (KRIs) are identified at the operational level, focusing on localized risks within business units.
They are tied to actual internal loss events and reported frequently (daily, weekly, or monthly) to capture ongoing trends.
Key Properties of Bottom-Up KRIs
Selected by local management → Ensures relevance to specific business areas.
Tied to internal loss events → Helps in tracking risk patterns within specific legal entities, countries, or business units.
Reported frequently → Allows for timely risk detection and mitigation.
Why Answer D is Correct
Bottom-up KRIs focus on localized risk exposure and are monitored frequently to track operational changes.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
A . Seated by senior management: tied to internal loss events at the legal entity, country, business, and/or product level, reported daily, weekly, or monthly.
Incorrect - Senior management sets top-down KRIs, while bottom-up KRIs are managed locally.
B . Selected by local management, based on key controls or weaknesses identified by audit reports, reported quarterly.
Incorrect - While audit reports are useful, bottom-up KRIs are based on loss events, not just audit findings. Quarterly reporting is too infrequent.
C . Are not used due to changes in regulations.
Incorrect - Bottom-up KRIs remain essential despite regulatory changes.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Risk Indicator Best Practices
Basel Committee's Risk Measurement and Reporting Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 36
Managing financial crime is a part of risk and compliance for many firms. Which of the following is a useful control to help reduce this risk?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Financial Crime Risk Management
Managing financial crime requires implementing controls, monitoring, and reporting systems to detect and prevent illegal activities.
Developing red flags and monitoring scenarios allows firms to detect suspicious transactions related to money laundering, fraud, and terrorist financing.
Why Answer C is Correct
PRMIA emphasizes that effective risk management requires proactive monitoring of transactions using red flags, transaction patterns, and anomaly detection systems.
This is aligned with Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter-Terrorism Financing (CTF) regulatory requirements.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
A . Having the business be a cash-only business and not report any transactions.
Incorrect - Cash-only businesses with no reporting are high-risk for financial crime.
B . The requirements to trace all transactions when they are entered into spreadsheets.
Incorrect - While transaction tracing is important, spreadsheets alone are not an effective control mechanism for financial crime.
D . Local regulations that allow a bank to not report transactions by family members of the board.
Incorrect - This would violate AML and financial crime regulations, increasing corruption risk.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Financial Crime and AML Risk Guidelines
Basel Committee on Financial Crime and Money Laundering
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following are the most relevant ways a firm can ensure they are in line with consumer protection?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Definition of Consumer Protection in Risk Management
Consumer protection ensures ethical business practices, transparency, and regulatory compliance.
It builds trust with customers and reduces legal and reputational risks.
Key Principles of Consumer Protection
Treating customers fairly → Ensures honest and ethical financial services.
Prioritizing customer interests → Prevents conflicts of interest and unfair treatment.
Honoring commitments → Strengthens customer confidence and regulatory trust.
Why Answer C is Correct
Following these principles ensures regulatory compliance, customer satisfaction, and risk mitigation.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
A . Engage with consumers once there are enough complaints.
Incorrect - Proactive engagement is essential; waiting for complaints is a reactive and poor risk management approach.
B . Add a consumer protection section to all reports.
Incorrect - Documentation alone does not ensure fair treatment; actions matter more.
D . This risk cannot be managed.
Incorrect - Consumer protection risks can and should be actively managed.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Consumer Protection & Fair Treatment Standards
Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) Consumer Duty Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 38
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